Novamarketing Chiasso Medals Coins India B Mughal Empire India Mughal Empire Akbar Rupee 1000

# 206Rupee AH 1000 AkbarIndia B Mughal Empire
India – Mughal Empire – Akbar (AH 963-1014 / AD 1556-1605). Square Rupee AH Alif / 1000 (AD 1591/2). Mint: Urdu Zafar Qarin (= Camp associated with Victory), Silver (ø 19x19 mm – w. 11.36 g.). Edge: plain. Liddle S-35. Brown 265-7. Lane-Poole 151-5. Whitehead 220-2. Wright 279-81. Plant pp. 114-116. Rajgor n. ii, p. 16.

Obverse:
Persian legend within dotted square frame. Kalima (*) in centre within square formed by elongated letters (from top to bottom: La ilah illa Allah / Mohammed Rasul Allah = (There is) no god but Allah (and) Muhammad (is the) Messenger (of) Allah). In the margins the names of the four successors (clockwise, starting at left: bi-sudq Abi Bekr = By the truth of Abu Bakr / bi-'adl 'Umar = by the justice of Umar / bi-haya Uthman = by the modesty of Usman / bi-'ilm 'Ali = by the wisdom of Ali).

Reverse:
Persian legend within dotted square frame. In four lines the Ruler's name and titles, a pius wish and the Mint name (from top to bottom: Khallad Allah te'ala Mulkahu / Mohammed Akbar badshah / Jalal ed-din ghazi / zarb Urdu Zafar Qarin = (May) Allah on high perpetuate (his) Kingdom, Mohammad Akbar, Emperor, Glory of the Faith, Conqueror of infidels, struck at Urdu Zafar Qarin). Date (Alif = 1000) below the top line in centre.

(*) Kalima-e-Tayyab (the First Kalima): is the testification of faith in Islam. (Tayyab = Purity).

Web References:
http://overlordsstampandcoincollection.blogspot.com/2008_12_28_archive.html
http://www.neocollect.com/coll/90/
http://www.treasurerealm.com/coinpapers/countrycoins/I/India_Mughal.html

Literature:
Brown C. J. – Catalogue of Coins in the Provincial Museum Lucknow / The Mughal Emperors – Vol. I-II, Oxford, 1920 (reprinted 1985).
Lane-Poole Stanley – The Coinage of the Moghul Emperors of Hindustan in the British Museum – London, 1892 (reprinted 1983).
Liddle, A – Coinage of Akbar / The Connaisseur's Choice – Gurgaon, India, 2005.
Plant R. J. – Arab Coins and how to read them – Spink and Son Ltd., London, 1973, 1980 (revised), reprinted 2000.
Rajgor D. – Collector's Guide to Mughal Coins – University of Mumbai, India, 2002.
Whitehead R. B. – Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore / The Mughal Emperors – Vol. II, Oxford, 1914 (reprinted 1977).
Wright H. N. – Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta / The Mughal Emperors – Vol. III, Oxford, 1908 (reprinted 1972).